Fungi Ascomycota are a diverse and significant group of fungi, widely found in the Comunidad Valenciana. They are primarily characterized by their unique reproductive system, which involves the production of spores in specialized sac-like structures called asci. This group is incredibly diverse, encompassing a wide range of species including yeasts, molds, and more complex forms such as truffles and morels.

In the Comunidad Valenciana, Ascomycota play vital ecological roles, contributing to nutrient cycling, decomposing organic material, and forming mycorrhizal associations with plants, which enhance soil fertility. Some noteworthy species within this phylum include:

• Tuber melanosporum: Commonly known as the black truffle or "tartufo" in the local language, this highly prized fungus grows symbiotically with the roots of certain trees like oak and hazelnut. It is a delicacy in local cuisine.
• Morchella species: Known as morels or "colmenillas", these fungi are cherished for their unique texture and flavor. They typically appear in spring and are often found in woodlands and forested areas.
• Penicillium species: These molds are well-known for their antibiotic properties, particularly Penicillium chrysogenum, which is the source of penicillin. They also play a role in the production of certain cheeses.
• Aspergillus species: Found in various habitats, these molds are important for fermentation processes and the production of enzymes used in food and beverage industries.

Overall, Fungi Ascomycota have both ecological and economic significance in the region, influencing natural ecosystems and contributing to local gastronomy and industries.